An ankle fracture occurs when the foot is twisted significantly inward or outward, causing intense pain and potential damage to other parts of the foot and leg. This injury often requires comprehensive medical treatment.
We will explore the types of ankle fractures, symptoms, diagnosis, causes, first aid, and medical treatments.
Malleolar fracture symptoms
The ankle contains many ligaments that form a ring crucial for walking and balance, but these ligaments can be stressed and cause fractures.
Ankle fractures are divided into two types:
- Stable fractures: affect up to two ligaments and can be treated conventionally.
- Unstable fractures: involve damage or tearing of more than two ligaments and may require surgery.
Although symptoms are similar, treatment varies. Common symptoms include:
- Severe pain near the medial or lateral malleolus;
- Difficulty or inability to bear weight on the foot;
- Significant swelling and enlargement of ankle and foot;
- Skin discoloration from red to purple;
- Swollen joint;
- Misalignment of the ankle in severe cases.
Consulting a healthcare professional promptly reduces risk of complications.
Diagnosing an ankle fracture
Due to the ankle’s complexity, the extent of injury to the foot is assessed through:
- Biomechanical exam, involving foot manipulation and visual inspection;
- Digital X-ray for confirming fractures;
- Ultrasound to detect tendon or ligament injuries when suspected.
Causes and aggravating factors
Ankle fractures typically result from excessive force on the foot. Common causes include:
- Excessive twisting or forceful motions pushing the foot up or down;
- Sports activities such as soccer or basketball;
- Wearing ill-fitting shoes or frequent use of unsupportive high heels.
First aid
When an ankle fracture is suspected and immediate medical care isn’t accessible, follow the R.I.C.E. procedure:
- Rest: Avoid any activity to prevent worsening pain;
- Immobilization: Do not put weight on the injured foot;
- Cold: Apply a cold compress 10 minutes every hour to reduce inflammation;
- Elevation: Raise the foot above heart level to reduce swelling.
However, professional medical assessment remains essential to diagnose and treat properly.
Medical treatments
Following diagnosis, the podiatrist will select appropriate treatment options, such as:
- Casting: Stabilizes fractured bones but requires walking aids;
- Splints or walking boots: Support healing while allowing some mobility;
- Prescription painkillers: Help manage pain when used responsibly;
- Bone surgery: Common for unstable fractures to realign bones, strengthen ligaments, and remove bone fragments. Learn more.
PiedReseau – Learn more
Discover more about malleolar fractures and other foot injuries through PiedReseau’s articles. However, nothing replaces a face-to-face podiatrist consultation.
Take care of your feet, they’re precious!