Toenails that become thick, hardened, misshapen, or yellowed due to moisture or trauma can affect anyone. Various treatment options exist to address these issues. For conditions like deformed nails, dystrophy, or onycholysis, podiatrists help identify and treat the root causes.
Here are the treatment options for thick, misshapen nails.
Toenail deformity
Toenail deformity refers to changes in the shape of toenails caused by trauma or infection, while dystrophy relates to texture changes. Causes include:
- Fungal infections
- Trauma to the nail plate or matrix
- Poor healing after injury
- Fractures or infections of foot bones
- Hammertoes
- Tumors (benign or malignant)
- Circulatory disturbances
- Warts on the foot sole
- Skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema
- Diabetes
The podiatrist performs diagnostic tests before prescribing treatment, including:
- Nail fungal cultures to detect fungal infections
- Clinical exams to identify structural issues like ingrown nails
Treatments for a toenail deformity
After identifying the cause, the podiatrist creates an individualized treatment plan. Common approaches include:
- Manual cutting and milling of the nail
- Splints for problematic nails (orthonyxia)
- Laser treatment
- Surgery for ingrown toenails (matricectomy)
- Surgery for recurrent plantar warts
- Topical antifungal prescriptions
Treatments for the thickening of the toenail
Nail thickening is a natural aging process but premature thickening in younger individuals suggests inflammation or excessive foot pressure. This can cause the nail to detach, leading to problems like ingrown toenails. Thickened nails are harder to maintain and treat.
Treatment is similar to that for nail deformities but requires special care if infection is present.
Care tips for thick nails:
- Soak nails in hot water for at least 5 minutes before trimming
- Disinfect nail clippers properly
- Avoid using nail files, which can harm the toes
- Consult a podiatrist for foot care if a yeast infection is suspected
Treatments for onycholysis
Onycholysis is the partial or complete detachment of the toenail due to infection, trauma, or inflammation. Causes include:
- Excessive scrubbing of nails
- Skin inflammation such as psoriasis
- Exposure to corrosive or chemical substances
- Certain antibiotics
- Onychomycosis
- Repeated trauma, e.g., from ill-fitting shoes
Treatment options recommended by podiatrists or dermatologists include:
- Corticosteroid ointments
- Emollients and nail reshaping techniques
- Regular foot care to prevent excess moisture
- Orthoplasty to realign toes and nails, reducing microtrauma
- Orthopedic footwear better suited to foot shape
Recognizing toenail problems
Distinguishing between healthy and problematic toenails can be difficult. Signs of infection or issues include:
- Unusual nail color: yellow, brown, orange, or opaque white
- Frequent ingrown toenails
- Difficulty trimming the nail
- Horizontal grooves under the nails
- Brittle nails
- Rounded, smaller nail tips
If multiple symptoms are present, consult a medical professional such as a podiatrist. They can evaluate your condition and recommend appropriate treatment.